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The primary goal of treating diabetes is not to control sugar, but rather to reduce the risk of death. In addition, it is important to know that each patient suffering from diabetes receives a specific treatment for their body.

In the first phase diabetes is uncontrolled, so it is important to first normalize the symptoms of urine, thirst, and so on.

There are also non-pharmacological treatments. In this treatment, weight loss is most important. Avoiding the consumption of refined sugars such as sweets and their derivatives, smoking cessation and daily exercise are the most effective treatments for diabetes.

Pharmacological treatment for diabetes is what has been known the most, insulin-related pills or metformin.

The most accurate diagnosis of diabetes is to know the levels of glycemia or sugar in the blood. The normal limit of blood sugar has been modified over the years. Currently, people are diagnosed as diabetic if at least 2 times a fasting sugar level is equal to or greater than 126 mg/dl.

People who are in levels of 100 to 125 mg/dl are considered as PRE DIABETIC people. These people should be in treatment in order to increase the time it will take for them to become diabetic.

In addition to knowing the sugar level, there are complementary tests that help determine a true diagnosis of diabetes such as:

· Urine test

· Blood test

· Electrocardiogram

· Evaluation of the retina by deep-eye examination

It is important to rule out other factors that are affecting the level of sugar such as hypertension or high cholesterol.

Usually in the first stage of diabetes, the symptoms are not noticeable. Now the most common symptoms and a real alert are:

· Urinating a lot

· Rapid and sudden loss of weight

· Being very thirsty which consequently leads the patient to drinking too much water

· Reduced visual activity

· Tiredness

· Drowsiness

The main causes of diabetes are aging, lifestyle change in the population, a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, high blood pressure, and in some cases, family history.

In some cases, diabetes can be secondary to some specific circumstances such as alcohol, kidney disease, and the use of some drugs such as contraception (in women).

Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs when the body fails to produce insulin. Insulin is the hormone that is made in the pancreas and allows glucose (or what we commonly call SUGAR) to pass into the body’s cells to become energy for muscles and tissues.

For a clearer understanding, if a person has diabetes, their body will not absorb the glucose properly, and therefore the glucose will keep circulating in the blood, damaging the tissues over time. This process causes health complications and may continue to such a degree that it becomes lethal.

There are 3 types of diabetes:

1. Type 1 diabetes

2. Type 2 diabetes

3. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)

Exercise moderately and adapt to the possibilities of each individual is an excellent way to improve control of blood pressure, in addition to helping with other risk factors: improve diabetes and cholesterol, and maintain or achieve a proper weight.

In this case the exercise is considered effective when performed at least 30 minutes, every or almost every day of the week, with moderate intensity. Unless the doctor sees fit, it is better to avoid strenuous exercise. The most recommended exercises would be walking, smooth trot, dance, swimming, bicycling, etc.

Power to prevent hypertension recommended the Mediterranean diet, which is characterized by the abundance of fresh products of organic vegetable (fruit, vegetables, cereals, potatoes, dried fruits...), the scarcity of products rich in refined sugar and red meat, the presence of olive oil as the principal source of fat and intake of cheese, yogurt, chicken and fish in moderate amounts which is considered an ideal food for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

Caloric intake must be adequate to maintain your ideal weight, and is very important to limit the intake of salt in hypertension. In relation to the consumption of alcohol, any doctor will promote the consumption of alcoholic beverages as an instrument for the prevention of cardiovascular.

If the doctor has diagnosed pre hypertension surely he will not prescribe any drug but would rather the patient change some habits to lower the blood pressure.

In the case of hypertension, if there is prescription drugs grouped into various types such as: diuretics, the Renin angiotensin system inhibitors and antagonists of angiotensin, calcium receptor antagonists and beta blockers. The patient must be very consistent in his treatment which is not short but requires continuity to maintain the level of pressure.

Hypertension can be diagnosed in children, young people, adults, pregnant women and the elderly. Doctors measured the pressure on several occasions before confirming the existence of hypertension, as it is normal that during the day the blood pressure suffer variations.

Blood pressure is read through two quantities, the one upper which determines the systolic blood pressure (maximum pressure in systole) and the bottom one that determines the diastolic blood pressure (minimum pressure in diastole).

• The blood pressure in your normal state will show the following results: 120/80 mmHg.

• High blood pressure will show the following results 140/90 mmHg or higher, most of the time.

• If the results are of 120/80 or more but below 140/90, this is called pre hypertension.